INDUSTRY INSIGHT · PROCESS INDUSTRY & ENERGY

Why Root Cause Analysis in Manufacturing So Often Fails in Industrial Practice

A fault keeps recurring. The underlying cause stays unclear. Experts are overloaded. If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. Here is why this has structural roots and how modern analysis tools can make a real difference.

Key Take-Home Messages

WHY RCA FAILS
 
RCA fails not for lack of methodology, but because of structural barriers: overloaded experts, fragmented data, tools not built for comparison, and day-to-day pressure that consistently outweighs long-term improvement.
 
Many issues are never analysed at all – not because nobody cares, but because the effort required is simply too high given existing time and tool constraints.
 
Organisational patterns make things worse: blame culture suppresses open reporting, unclear ownership stalls cross-functional investigations, and findings that do get documented often disappear into systems nobody actively uses.
 
Even a successful analysis is only half the job. Without implementing, measuring, and communicating the corrective action, the organisational learning loop stays open.
WHERE TOOLS LIKE VISPLORE CAN HELP
 
Comparative analyses drop from hours or days to minutes, lowering the threshold for when analysis happens at all.
 
One click away from the KPI that flagged the problem – integration into PI Vision and Power BI removes the friction of switching context entirely.
 
Standardised workflows broaden the circle of people who can investigate, reducing dependency on individual expert bottlenecks.
 
Before-and-after comparisons make the impact of corrective actions quantifiable and communicable – closing the RCA loop properly.
WHAT NO TOOL RESOLVES
 
Missing sensors, IT/OT barriers, blame culture, and unclear accountability cannot be fixed with software. These require leadership decisions and deliberate cultural development.
 
For rare events with few comparable cases, statistical methods hit fundamental limits regardless of the tool used.

Everyone knows the problem but few actually solve it

In a steel mill, quality issues recur on a rolling line every few weeks. The symptom is always the same: elevated dimensional deviations in the finished product, a brief production stop, replacement of a roll or adjustment of the pressure parameters and then on with the show. The actual root cause? Unresolved. No one has time to dig deeper. The expert who could is running at 150 percent capacity and has been for months.

This is not an isolated case. Across large industrial and energy companies, Root Cause Analysis (RCA) the systematic search for the underlying causes of disruptions, quality problems, or failures is a well-known method and theoretically established. In practice, however, it fails regularly. Not for lack of willingness, but because of structural barriers that compound with every unresolved problem.

Adding to the difficulty: many practitioners are uncertain which RCA method suits which problem whether 5-Why, Ishikawa diagrams, FMEA, or another technique. And even when the method is clear, the analysis frequently stumbles at the problem definition stage. “Quality deviation” is not a workable problem statement. Only a precise description exactly when, under which conditions, how often, to what extent enables a targeted investigation.

Ten reasons why RCA fails in practice

The first seven points are operational and technical barriers – the last three address organisational patterns that are often overlooked in these discussions.

01
Expert knowledge is the bottleneck
The people who could conduct an RCA are precisely those who are already in highest demand. In-depth analyses require hands-on experience with the process, the plant, and the data landscape – a combination rarely found in someone who is not already fighting the latest fire. In smaller or decentralized operations, the problem takes a different shape: it is not time that is missing, but simply a critical mass of expertise.
02
Gathering data takes hours
Relevant process data sits in different systems: historians, MES, LIMS, ERP. Which time windows are relevant? Which batches are comparable? Manual data consolidation often takes longer than the actual analysis and puts many people off before they even start.
03
Data is simply not available
Some influencing factors are not yet captured by any sensor. Other data exists but is inaccessible to analysts due to IT/OT barriers. What is not measured cannot be identified as a cause. For rare events, a further challenge arises: the available data is too limited to identify statistically robust patterns a fundamental methodological problem that no tool can solve.
04
Hundreds of tags, no guidance
Modern plants generate thousands of measurement points. Which of these are relevant to a specific problem? Pre-selecting the right tags again requires expert knowledge and time that nobody has.
05
Correlation is not causation
Many algorithms in industrial use surface statistical relationships the causal interpretation always rests with the process expert. More sophisticated methods that go beyond pure correlation (such as structural causal models) are available in principle, but are often not accessible or not deployed in industrial practice. As long as that is the case, the risk of missing true causes or pursuing spurious correlations remains real.
06
Tools are not built for comparison
Most dashboards show the current state not a comparison between “normal back then” and “problematic today”. RCA demands exactly that: high-resolution time series from different production periods, side by side.
07
The quick fix is always more tempting
When a fast solution is within reach swap a component, adjust a setpoint – the urgency for deeper investigation evaporates. Quarterly thinking and production pressure reinforce this dynamic. Where RCA is formally embedded as a mandatory element of the quality management system under ISO 9001 or IATF 16949, for example this effect is less pronounced. In many operations, however, that formal anchor is missing: RCA remains voluntary, and day-to-day business almost always wins.
08
Findings are never recorded
Even when an RCA is successfully completed, the results frequently end up in a SharePoint folder or a CMMS entry that nobody actively uses. The problem is less the absence of suitable systems like SAP PM, Maximo, and similar tools are present in many organisations and more a lack of discipline in structured documentation and poor searchability. The next team repeats the same mistake and the same analysis.
09
Blame culture blocks openness
In organisations where RCA is unconsciously understood as “finding the guilty person” rather than analysing a system failure, relevant information stays hidden. Speaking openly about problems carries risk and with that, the search for root causes dies before it begins.
10
Unclear accountability and missing resources
In larger operations, the difficulty is often that cross-functional teams spanning production, maintenance, quality, and IT would be necessary, but no one clearly owns the process. In smaller operations, the challenge is the opposite: a single person must manage everything without access to data from other departments. In both cases, the analysis stalls.
CASE EXAMPLE

A food manufacturer is struggling with sporadic quality deviations in a filling line. With Visplore, an operator compares the last three abnormal batches against twenty normal ones in under a minute automatically assembled from process data, temperature logs, and shift records. The analytics rank the most deviating tags to the top. Within 15 minutes, a hypothesis has been formulated that had gone unnoticed for months: a pressure fluctuation pattern in a feed pump that only appears at certain ambient temperatures.

Analysis is just the beginning: implementation and measurement are often the real bottleneck

Even when a root cause is identified, the work does not end there. The finding needs to be communicated, translated into a process change, implemented, and ultimately verified: Did the measure actually work? By how much has the failure frequency been reduced? What efficiency gains are measurable?

Each of these steps again requires time, suitable visualisations, and clear before-and-after comparisons. Without this closure, RCA remains a half-finished process the organisational learning curve flattens, and the investment in the analysis cannot be justified internally.

How Visplore addresses these challenges

Visplore is an analysis platform developed specifically for high-resolution industrial time series data. It does not address every barrier listed above but it tackles several of them in a targeted and practical way.

Comparisons in minutes, not days
Once Visplore is configured for a plant, comparing current production data with matching historical periods takes seconds to minutes not hours or days. Less time than a coffee break.
📊 Integration into existing dashboards
Through connections to PI Vision and Power BI, the analysis is available directly alongside the KPI that flagged the issue, no switching to a new tool, no starting from scratch. One click, and the investigation begins.
Automated data consolidation
Data from multiple sources – historian, MES, lab systems can be configured once and merged automatically from then on. The end user sees none of this complexity; they start directly with the analysis.
🏷 Scaling to hundreds of tags
Instead of time-consuming manual pre-selection, analysis can begin with a broader set of tags. Automatic ranking by anomaly significance directs attention where it matters no upfront hypothesis required.
📝 Standardised analysis workflows
Investigations can be codified as systematic step-by-step workflows, section by section through the process. This allows younger employees without years of domain experience to work in a structured way, so that institutional knowledge doesn’t walk out the door when your most experienced engineer retires.
📤 Findings ready to share
All charts from an analysis can be shared as a transparent report, giving colleagues, managers, or maintenance leads the same view of the data without needing to be analysts themselves. This also counters the risk of findings disappearing unnoticed into folders.
📈 Measuring the impact of actions
Through before-and-after comparisons, the effect of implemented measures can be quantified directly: efficiency gains, reduced failure frequency, stabilised quality metrics transparent and communicable, closing the loop on the RCA.
🔍 Hypothesis-free pattern detection
Correlations can be validated visually with a single click and the system can surface relationships that even an expert would not have suspected upfront. The causal judgement stays with the human, but the evidence base becomes significantly broader.
CASE EXAMPLE

A utility company notices recurring fluctuations in the efficiency of a turbine. The operations team replaces a bearing – problem temporarily resolved. Three months later, the same thing happens. A proper RCA might have revealed that a fluctuating inlet pressure from an upstream pump group was the actual cause. But no one consolidated the operational data from six comparable time periods – and even if they had tried, it would have taken days.

What Is Inefficient RCA Costing You?

See how much inefficient RCA is costing your operation.

What Visplore does not solve and why that honesty matters

No tool replaces missing instrumentation. If relevant influencing factors are simply not being measured, even the best analysis platform cannot identify causes that are absent from the data. The same applies to IT/OT barriers that prevent data from reaching an analysis system in the first place. And for rare events with few comparable cases, every statistical method runs into its limits this is a question of data availability, not of the tool.

Organisational and cultural barriers blame-oriented thinking, unclear accountability, the absence of formal RCA requirements in the management system cannot be resolved with software either. These require leadership decisions and a deliberate investment in a culture of learning from failure. What Visplore can do is make the data foundation broader, the visualisations clearer, and the effort of conducting an analysis low enough that the question “Do we have time for this?” comes up far less often.

And causality the heart of every RCA remains a human task. What Visplore does is lower the barrier to analysis far enough that the question shifts from “Can we manage this?” to “Why didn’t we do this sooner?”

See Troubleshooting in Action

If you want to experience live how Visplore can help you with root cause analysis across your entire industrial data, book a live demo.