01
Expert knowledge is the bottleneck
The people who could conduct an RCA are precisely those who are already in highest demand. In-depth analyses require hands-on experience with the process, the plant, and the data landscape – a combination rarely found in someone who is not already fighting the latest fire. In smaller or decentralized operations, the problem takes a different shape: it is not time that is missing, but simply a critical mass of expertise.
02
Gathering data takes hours
Relevant process data sits in different systems: historians, MES, LIMS, ERP. Which time windows are relevant? Which batches are comparable? Manual data consolidation often takes longer than the actual analysis and puts many people off before they even start.
03
Data is simply not available
Some influencing factors are not yet captured by any sensor. Other data exists but is inaccessible to analysts due to IT/OT barriers. What is not measured cannot be identified as a cause. For rare events, a further challenge arises: the available data is too limited to identify statistically robust patterns a fundamental methodological problem that no tool can solve.
04
Hundreds of tags, no guidance
Modern plants generate thousands of measurement points. Which of these are relevant to a specific problem? Pre-selecting the right tags again requires expert knowledge and time that nobody has.
05
Correlation is not causation
Many algorithms in industrial use surface statistical relationships the causal interpretation always rests with the process expert. More sophisticated methods that go beyond pure correlation (such as structural causal models) are available in principle, but are often not accessible or not deployed in industrial practice. As long as that is the case, the risk of missing true causes or pursuing spurious correlations remains real.
06
Tools are not built for comparison
Most dashboards show the current state not a comparison between “normal back then” and “problematic today”. RCA demands exactly that: high-resolution time series from different production periods, side by side.
07
The quick fix is always more tempting
When a fast solution is within reach swap a component, adjust a setpoint – the urgency for deeper investigation evaporates. Quarterly thinking and production pressure reinforce this dynamic. Where RCA is formally embedded as a mandatory element of the quality management system under ISO 9001 or IATF 16949, for example this effect is less pronounced. In many operations, however, that formal anchor is missing: RCA remains voluntary, and day-to-day business almost always wins.
08
Findings are never recorded
Even when an RCA is successfully completed, the results frequently end up in a SharePoint folder or a CMMS entry that nobody actively uses. The problem is less the absence of suitable systems like SAP PM, Maximo, and similar tools are present in many organisations and more a lack of discipline in structured documentation and poor searchability. The next team repeats the same mistake and the same analysis.
09
Blame culture blocks openness
In organisations where RCA is unconsciously understood as “finding the guilty person” rather than analysing a system failure, relevant information stays hidden. Speaking openly about problems carries risk and with that, the search for root causes dies before it begins.
10
Unclear accountability and missing resources
In larger operations, the difficulty is often that cross-functional teams spanning production, maintenance, quality, and IT would be necessary, but no one clearly owns the process. In smaller operations, the challenge is the opposite: a single person must manage everything without access to data from other departments. In both cases, the analysis stalls.